sábado, 12 de septiembre de 2009

nueva clasificacion de los tumores renales

Monday, 17 August 2009
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL (UroToday.com) - Clear cell carcinoma occurs in 60% of resected adult tumors. They are yellow tumors with nests of clear cytoplasm and express many growth factors including VEGF, EGFR and Carbonic anhydrase. VHL gene mutations are present.
Papillary cancers comprise 15% of resected adult tumors. Type I has very good survival and type II poor survival. It is unclear if they are really distinct entities molecularly.
Chromophobe renal tumors comprise 5% of adult renal tumors and they have a greater than 90% 10-year survival. While they can have very aggressive sarcomatoid variants, it is rare. They are generally unifocal tumors with large cells that can be confused with oncocytomas due to large amount of pink cytoplasm.
Collecting duct tumors are seen in less than 1% of all renal tumors. They occur in young patients and are very aggressive. They are infiltrative versus circumscribed and virtually indistinguishable from urothelial cancer or renal pelvic tumors. Medullary tumors occur only in patients with sickle cell trait and are uniformly lethal within 6 months.
Finally, mucinous tubular and spindle cell tumors are new entities in the classification system. They are low grade and occur predominately in women.
Presented by David Grignon, MD at the VI Maratona Urológica do Rio de Janeiro - August 14 - 15, 2009.

miércoles, 2 de septiembre de 2009

52-semanas de tratamiento con dieta y ejercicio, junto con la testosterona transdérmica Invierte el síndrome metabólico y la Mejora de control de la g

evaluacion del papel del sistema sertoninergico en el control del musculo liso de la vesicula seminal humana.Una manera de entenderla in vitro.

Evaluating the Role of the Serotoninergic System in the Control of Human Seminal Vesicle Smooth Muscle—An in Vitro Approach
Ponco Birowo, MD,* Stefan Ückert, PhD,* George T. Kedia, MD,* Friedemann Scheller, Markus Meyer, MD, PhD, § AkmalTaher, MD, PhD, Djoko Rahardjo, MD, PhD, Udo Jonas, MD, PhD,* and Markus A. Kuczyk, MD, PhD*
*Department of Urology & Uro-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia School of Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia; § FOCUS IP AG, Basel, Switzerland
Correspondence to Stefan Ückert, PhD, Hannover Medical School, Department of Urology & Uro-Oncology, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Tel: +49 (0)511-5-32-34-37; Fax: +49 (0)511-5-32-84-37; E-mail: sue_de_99@yahoo.de
KEYWORDS
Human Seminal Vesicles • Serotonin • Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors • Cyclic Nucleotide Monophosphates • Premature Ejaculation

ABSTRACT

Introduction. It has been suggested that serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SRIs) may retard the ejaculatory response by acting directly on the seminal vesicle (SV) and ductus deferens smooth muscle. However, until now, only a very few experimental studies have investigated such potential local (peripheral) effects.

Aim. To elucidate the effects of serotonin (5-HT) and the SRIs clomipramine, fluoxetine and imipramine on the tension induced by norepinephrine (NE) of isolated human SV smooth muscle, as well as on the production of tissue cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

Main Outcome Measures. To measure the inhibition exerted by serotonin and SRIs clomipramine, fluoxetine, and imipramine on the contractile response of isolated SV tissue. In addition, the effects of the drugs on the turn-over of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP were also elucidated.

Methods. The effects of the cumulative addition of serotonin and the SRIs clomipramine, fluoxetine and imipramine (1 nM–10 µM) on the tension induced by the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist NE (10 µM) of SV strip preparations were studied using the organ bath technique. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were measured by means of specific radioimmunoassays.

Results. The tension induced by NE was dose-dependently reversed by the drugs tested. The rank order of efficacy was: imipramine ≥ fluoxetine ≥ clomipramine > serotonin. Mean reversion of tension was measured between 66 ± 6.6% and 52 ± 6.6%. These effects were paralleled by a 1.3-fold to 2.7-fold increase in tissue cAMP in response to exposure to the drugs. In contrast, no significant enhancement in cGMP was noted.

Conclusions. The findings, for the first time, present evidence that SRIs may antagonize the sympathetic contraction of SV smooth muscle via stimulation of tissue cyclic AMP. Birowo P, Ückert S, Kedia GT, Scheller F, Meyer M, Taher A, Rahardjo D, Jonas U, and Kuczyk MA. Evaluating the role of the serotoninergic system in the control of human seminal vesicle smooth muscle—An in vitro approach. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.


DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01423.x About DOI

clitorisvaginavejigasalud

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hormonas yosteoporosis en el hombre

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