- 1: N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men.
From the Departments of Nutrition (E.L.D., D.J.H.) and Epidemiology (E.L.D., J.E.M., D.J.H., J.E.B.), Harvard School of Public Health; the Division of Preventive Medicine (E.L.D., Y.S., J.E.M., J.E.B., J.M.G.), Channing Laboratory (E.L.D., J.E.M., D.J.H.), and the Division of Aging (J.M.G.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (N.R.); and Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System (J.M.G.) - all in Boston; and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (C.C.L.); the Department of Epidemiology, Program on Genomics and Nutrition and Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, UCLA School of Public Health (C.C.L., S.L.); the Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.L., S.L.); and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA (S.L.) - all in Los Angeles. Drs. Ding and Song contributed equally to this article.This article (10.1056/NEJMoa0804381) was published on August 5, 2009, at NEJM.org.
BACKGROUND: Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain. METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Study who were not using hormone therapy (359 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 359 controls). Plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin were measured; two polymorphisms of the gene encoding sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG, that were robustly associated with the protein levels were genotyped and applied in mendelian randomization analyses. We then conducted a replication study in an independent cohort of men from the Physicians' Health Study II (170 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 170 controls). RESULTS: Among women, higher plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin were prospectively associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes: multivariable odds ratios were 1.00 for the first (lowest) quartile of plasma levels, 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.33) for the second quartile, 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.12) for the third quartile, and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.21) for the fourth (highest) quartile (P<0.001 p="0.005)," p="0.004);">
PMID: 19657112 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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